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NAD+

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
Longevity · CAS 53-84-9
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Category
Longevity
Evidence grade
C
PubMed records
57,674
Female-tagged
6,110
Sex-analysis
121
CAS
53-84-9
C
Evidence grade C, Early human data only (Phase 1 / small-n) across 57674 indexed studies. How grades work →
Female evidence: Extrapolated
NAD+: of 57,674 PubMed records, 6,110 are tagged as including female subjects and 121 carry a sex-analysis tag.Counts reflect PubMed records as of 2026-07-17. “Female” uses the Female MeSH filter and “sex-analysis” the Sex Factors MeSH filter, automated proxies pending manual study-level review. Methodology →

Overview

NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is an essential coenzyme present in all living cells, built from two nucleotides joined through their phosphate groups. Its central role in cellular metabolism makes it a foundational tool compound in energy and aging research rather than a synthetic novelty.

NAD+ has been studied for its role in redox reactions, mitochondrial electron transport, and as a substrate for sirtuin and PARP enzymes involved in DNA-repair and gene-regulation signaling. Researchers examining cellular-energy and aging models have used it, and its precursors, as research materials to probe how NAD availability shapes metabolic and repair pathways.

What makes NAD+ notable for a longevity catalog is its position at the intersection of energy metabolism and enzymatic signaling, which ties many aging-related pathways to a single coenzyme. Human trials of NAD-boosting compounds have enrolled women; our evidence review tracks how many of the underlying studies reported outcomes by sex, an open research question.

Summary

NAD+ is a core cellular coenzyme studied in metabolism and aging research. Human trials of NAD-boosting compounds have enrolled women, though most did not report results by sex.

Evidence in women

Menstrual cycle
Unstudied
No menstrual cycle interaction data.
Pregnancy & lactation
Unstudied
No pregnancy or lactation safety data for supplemental NAD+.
Hormonal interactions
Unstudied
No characterized hormonal interactions.
Perimenopause & menopause
No evidence
Aging-research cohorts include women in this age range, but menopausal status is rarely analyzed.
Sex differences
No evidence
Across the indexed literature on NAD-boosting approaches, many studies included women, but few reported sex-stratified outcomes.

Mechanism

An essential coenzyme in redox reactions, mitochondrial function, and sirtuin/PARP enzyme activity studied in cellular-energy and aging models.

Reported dosing & routes

◐

We don't give dosing or medical advice. The figures below describe what was used in published research, not a recommendation. Decide with your clinician.

Reported range (literature)Studied across a wide range in research; no consensus therapeutic dose.
Routesintravenous, subcutaneous, oral (precursors)
Female-specific dosingNot established

Contraindications: not established

Side effects

Reported in the research literature. Sex-specific incidence has not been separately analysed in the available records.

flushingnausea (with rapid infusion)

NAD+ reconstitution calculator

Enter this vial's amount, the bacteriostatic water you add, and a target amount to get the concentration and the U-100 syringe units to draw. Handling arithmetic for research use, not a dose recommendation.

Reconstitution

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Draw for NAD+

5
units on a U-100 insulin syringe
020406080100
U-100 insulin syringe — 1 mL = 100 units
That's 0.05 mL drawn to the 5-unit mark.
Concentration5 mg/mL (5,000 mcg/mL)
Volume to draw0.05 mL
Doses per vial40

Reference chart at 5 mg/mL

Target amountVolume (mL)U-100 units
100 mcg0.02 mL2
250 mcg0.05 mL5
500 mcg0.1 mL10
750 mcg0.15 mL15
1000 mcg0.2 mL20

Research-use arithmetic only. This tool converts a vial amount, diluent volume, and a target amount into a concentration and syringe draw for laboratory handling. It is not dosing guidance, a recommendation, or a claim of safety or efficacy, and it does not account for overfill, dead space, or peptide purity. Nothing here is medical advice. “U-100” means 100 units = 1 mL; confirm your syringe graduation before measuring. See the reconstitution & storage handbook for handling detail.

Frequently asked questions

Answers drawn only from NAD+'s research facts and, where reviewed, its sex-disaggregated evidence. Nothing here is medical advice, dosing, or a claim of safety or efficacy.

What is NAD+?

NAD+, also known as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, is a research compound in our longevity category. NAD+ is a core cellular coenzyme studied in metabolism and aging research.

Is NAD+ studied in women?

NAD+: of 57,674 PubMed records, 6,110 are tagged as including female subjects and 121 carry a sex-analysis tag. We grade this extrapolated: women appear in the record, but no study is tagged for a sex-specific analysis, so female-relevant conclusions are inferred from mixed or male data rather than measured in women. See our methodology.

Has NAD+ been studied during pregnancy or breastfeeding?

Unstudied. No pregnancy or lactation safety data for supplemental NAD+. This is not a safety clearance or a recommendation. Vera, our research chat, deliberately hard-stops on pregnancy, breastfeeding, and trying-to-conceive questions rather than answer them.

What evidence grade does NAD+ have, and why?

NAD+ carries evidence grade C. Early human data only (Phase 1 / small-n) across 57674 indexed studies.. Grades are derived from the research record, never hand-assigned; see how grades work.

Is there a female-specific dose for NAD+?

No. A female-specific dose for NAD+ is not established, and this site does not provide dosing or medical advice. Any figures we show describe what published research used, not a recommendation. Decide anything about use with a qualified clinician.

How is NAD+ administered in research?

In the published literature, NAD+ is administered via intravenous, subcutaneous, oral (precursors). Reported dose ranges on the Dosing tab describe what studies used for laboratory research, not a protocol for people. We don't provide dosing.

What side effects have been reported for NAD+?

Effects reported in the research literature include flushing, nausea (with rapid infusion). Sex-specific incidence has not been separately analysed in the available records, so these are not broken out for women.

What is the CAS number for NAD+?

The CAS registry number for NAD+ is 53-84-9. It is also referred to as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. Use it to confirm identity against a Certificate of Analysis.

How should NAD+ be stored and handled?

NAD+ sold for research is supplied as a lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder. Lyophilized peptides are generally kept cold and dry, at roughly -20°C for longer-term storage and 2-8°C short-term, protected from light. Once reconstituted they are typically refrigerated and used within a short window, avoiding repeated freeze-thaw cycles. This is general laboratory handling for research use only, not a directive for human use. Always follow the handling and purity details on the product's Certificate of Analysis.

Where can I buy NAD+ for research?

For laboratory research use, NAD+ is available from our research-use partner, Aurevena Research. Applying code research15 takes 15% off. We may earn a commission when you purchase through this link, at no extra cost to you. Products are for laboratory research use only.

Buy NAD+ at Aurevena Research
Research-use supplier: NAD+ is available from our research-use vendor for laboratory use. Code research15 for 15% off, applied automatically at checkout. We may earn a commission when you purchase through this link, at no extra cost to you. Products are for laboratory research use only.
Buy now →

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Educational information for laboratory and research use only. Not medical advice, a recommendation, or a claim of safety or efficacy; no personal dosing. “Unstudied” means no qualifying study was found, not that a compound is safe or unsafe.